Rosemary Lim

As technology advances, so do the tactics of illicit actors. Criminal networks are leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain to launder money, conduct fraud, and evade detection at unprecedented speed and scale. At the same time, these same technologies hold the key to turning the tide—enhancing transparency, accelerating detection, and strengthening financial crime controls.

This roundtable will explore the dual-use nature of AI and blockchain in financial crime, unpacking key questions such as:
- How criminals are weaponising AI for money laundering, fraud, and deepfake-driven scams—and how financial institutions can counteract these threats using AI-powered defenses
- How AI’s predictive capabilities and blockchain’s transparency can work together to enhance compliance, improve regulatory oversight, and disrupt criminal networks
- Emerging challenges, including AI bias, privacy risks, and the arms race between law enforcement and bad actors leveraging next-gen technology

By convening policymakers, financial industry leaders, and technology experts, this discussion will examine how we can turn these emerging technologies from a double-edged sword into a powerful force for financial security and integrity.

Stablecoins are emerging as a serious contender for cross-border transactions, offering faster settlement, lower costs, and reduced reliance on traditional banking rails. Recent developments signal that major payment service providers (PSPs) are beginning to explore stablecoins as part of their core infrastructure, while other incumbents have maintained their commitment to fiat-based transactions.

Herein also lies the question of fungibility. Are all stablecoins truly exchangeable across networks, jurisdictions and use cases, or do regulatory and operational constraints create fragmentation risks? If stablecoins are to become a mainstay in global payments, PSPs must navigate liquidity, compliance and interoperability challenges that could either accelerate adoption or hinder scalability.

Discussion themes:

1. The growing role of stablecoins in cross-border payments - Are lower costs, instant settlement, and financial inclusion advantages enough to drive broader PSP adoption?
2. Strategic moves in the payments industry – What does the acquisition of a stablecoin platform signal about the future of PSP-stablecoin integration, and will it force competitors to reconsider their stance on stablecoins?
3. The fungibility challenge - How do differences in issuance models, reserve structures, and regulatory classifications affect stablecoins' usability across different payment rails and jurisdictions?
4. Regulatory and market barriers – What are key regulatory, liquidity, and operational challenges preventing PSPs from fully embedding stablecoin-powered payments into their infrastructure? What's needed to bridge the gap between stablecoins and traditional finance?

This session is held in collaboration with the Ripple Policy Summit.

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is frequently highlighted as a game-changer for financial market infrastructure (FMI). Yet, despite numerous pilots, proofs of concept, and even some production deployments, it has (yet) neither replaced nor fundamentally transformed today’s financial markets. Rather, DLT has remained limited to niche applications.

Which key elements are still missing, or are insufficiently mature, to enable DLT to truly reshape FMI? Is the main hurdle the current regulatory framework, or do challenges around standardization, interoperability with legacy systems, scalability, governance, and proven use cases with sufficient value bear the greatest responsibility?